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you're locked into inception radio

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network superior Wisconsin this is

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funders radio on the inception radio

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network a weekly audio Safari that

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features the newest in paranormal

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discoveries while highlighting the

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latest and not to be missed truth funder

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com projects for truth seekers and true

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believers this week's truth buggers

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starts now greetings Bonjour welcome

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everybody the truth funders radio this

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is mark schwartz i'm the CEO of truth

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funders and usually with me as always as

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art but it appears that art is nowhere

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to be found he is somewhere too lost in

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the abyss today and you know i think art

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started a new job today so he should be

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here but he might be driving home and

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stuck in some torrential los angeles

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traffic because everybody knows how bad

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traffic is in LA when i try to call his

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phone it went straight to voicemail so i

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know that like he's probably freaking

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out somewhere wherever he is trying to

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get to the show and in the meantime i'm

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here freaking out because he's not here

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at the show but regardless of all that

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he might join us at any time he might

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show up and just pop in half an hour

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into the show maybe he doesn't show up i

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would love it if he did if you're out

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there art please join us but we're just

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gonna rock it and roll it because we

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have an incredible show for you today I

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mean this show is just it's going to be

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like nothing we've ever done before and

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we're going to be talking to

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world-renowned geologist David Schwartz

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from the United States Geological Survey

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better known as the USGS and we're going

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to be talking to him about all sorts of

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things like the different myths that are

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out there can people actually predict

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earthquakes will California fall into

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the ocean and you know when is the next

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big one going to hit California or the

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rest of the world and

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and can earthquakes open up in the

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ground and swallow you whole like what's

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going on we're also going to be asking

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some special questions about space

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weather and I know a lot of you out

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there you know you may you may follow

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suspicious observer he is online he has

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a youtube channel with 500,000 to a

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million people following him he does

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these daily reports about space weather

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and how it impacts the earth and geology

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and so we might touch on that a little

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bit we also might have him on next week

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to talk about his side of things and

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what he thinks is going on but tonight

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we have mainstream science we have

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fantastic science because even though

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stuff might be quote unquote mainstream

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it is completely exciting and it is

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really important and it's very very

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accurate I mean think about it these

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guys and scientists who have studied

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geology or space or any kind of science

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biology they've they've studied it their

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whole entire lives out of here dog out

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of here the truth minors mascot is

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shaking right now and so I'm kicking him

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out of the office um so yeah it doesn't

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matter you know if you study this you

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know you know what a lot more than

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people who just have ideas or think oh

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well it must be a conspiracy I mean some

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of that stuff is definitely true and we

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do cover it here on truth funders radio

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and we do like to uncover it but it's

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also important to hear both sides of the

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coin so the real science and then the

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other science that is real science but

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might be done by not as you know I don't

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know there's there's just all their

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stuff everywhere there's science

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everywhere and there's people there's

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studying astronomy by themselves you

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know and then there's people who learn

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it and are schooled in the classrooms

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and have studied it and go on to do more

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with it does one know more than the

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other well probably however we this is a

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classroom and so we want to learn and we

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want you to learn here on truth funders

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radio and to make the decisions for

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yourself how do you feel about it so I

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am really really excited to bring on dr.

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David Schwartz like I said he

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is a from the USGS he is a geologist and

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works in menlo park california he also

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has been on 60 minutes he's been on the

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national geographic he's been in the

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National Geographic they've actually

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written about his study he has been on

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the Discovery Channel and I actually

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worked with him on a program on the

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Discovery Channel I was an assistant to

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the cameraman at that point and mr.

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Schwartz dr. Schwartz was the main focus

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of that particular documentary and it

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was about building the bridge in San

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Francisco so now without further delay I

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want to bring on dr. David Schwartz

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hello David how are you doing today I'm

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doing pretty well and I'm very happy to

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be on the show well where we are

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extremely excited to have you um and I

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apologize that our co-host isn't here

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today but I'm going to go ahead and take

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the reins and we are going to rock it

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and roll it and so David would you mind

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telling us a little bit about yourself

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or about your background and how you

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started to find your love of geology

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where did that come from well I grew up

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in New York and my grandfather used to

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take me to the American Museum of

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Natural History when it was a little kid

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and I got hooked on dinosaurs and

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fossils and rocks and minerals and they

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had rooms of Arctic and Antarctic

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exploration and was just very very

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exciting and i went to i took an earth

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science course in high school and then

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when I got to college I decided to major

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in geology and I never looked back I

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went ahead I got a master's I got a PhD

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and I've been doing this professionally

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now 4 for 40 years 40 years that's an

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awful long time that have you been at

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the at the USGS in Menlo Park the entire

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time well my first 12 years

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professionally I worked for a consulting

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company in Oakland and San Francisco and

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that was the job that

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really brought me from New York to

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California through Alaska and the

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Nicaragua and we finally settled out

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here in the east bay and I've been with

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the US Geological Survey now for 30

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years so been doing this for a long time

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I've had the opportunity to really look

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at active faults and earthquakes around

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the world and some very interesting

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remote places and I'm really happy to

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share whatever experience I I've

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developed you know during that period of

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time inception radio network are you a

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fan of inception radio network do you

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24-7 again that Colin number is 40 1 2 a

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3 6 700 for the inception radio network

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hello inception radio network listeners

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this is Amanda remember you can take

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today for free you didn't forget what's

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coming up tonight did you hi inception

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radio network listeners this is Amanda

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never miss that interview you were

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looking forward to or the show on your

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favorite topic follow irn on twitter i

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underscore our underscore n and get

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reminders about the evenings live shows

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as well as fun and important updates

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throughout the week that's i underscore

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our underscore n and never miss a great

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hello Irene listeners this is MJ saying

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hello and sharing an awesome secret I

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into inception radio network superior

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Wisconsin truth funders radio on the

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inception radio network and welcome back

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to choose funders radio it is Wednesday

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and it is 630pm pacific standard time or

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930 eastern standard time once they may

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6 2015 and you are listening to truth

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funders radio i am mark schwartz CEO

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truth funders radio art is currently

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unavailable but somewhere and today our

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guest is dr. david schwartz from the

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united states geological survey and we

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were on in the middle of our

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conversation suddenly it cut out and

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technology has a way of doing that

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sometime so we apologize of course MJ

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jumped in the mix and through on the

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commercials so thank you guys for

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staying put and listening because i

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guarantee this is going to be a very

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fascinating interesting learning

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experience today so so david right

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before I disappeared you were talking

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about your love and your interest in

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geology and that you have worked at the

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USGS for 40 years and before that you

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said you were working where well I

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worked at a consulting company for 12

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years and now I've been at the USGS for

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30 years so actually I've been doing

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this stuff professionally for for about

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forty two years and I've learned a lot

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about earthquake

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and I've also learned that there's a lot

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we really don't know yet and you know

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that's that's something to to talk about

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the stuff that we don't know yet because

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I know a lot of our listeners are really

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interested in that when it comes to the

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study of geology are there things out

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there that people I guess that you have

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not had a chance to try that you're very

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curious about or is a lot of the

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research pretty straightforward and and

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has it changed and evolved over the past

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40 years that you see oh it's really

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changed and evolved when I started doing

273
00:13:00,340 --> 00:12:57,440
this work people had a lot of questions

274
00:13:03,790 --> 00:13:00,350
about false and how thoughts worked and

275
00:13:07,690 --> 00:13:03,800
how often they moved and how large past

276
00:13:11,890 --> 00:13:07,700
earthquakes were on Falls and how large

277
00:13:13,990 --> 00:13:11,900
future earthquakes would be and I sort

278
00:13:17,050 --> 00:13:14,000
of got in at the beginning of the

279
00:13:20,170 --> 00:13:17,060
science that we call excuse me paleo

280
00:13:25,050 --> 00:13:20,180
seismology it's like paleontology it's

281
00:13:28,450 --> 00:13:25,060
instead of the study of past or fossil

282
00:13:32,710 --> 00:13:28,460
animals it's a study of fossil

283
00:13:35,170 --> 00:13:32,720
earthquake so we now are able to go to a

284
00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:35,180
fault like the san andreas fault or the

285
00:13:41,260 --> 00:13:38,480
Hayward Fault and we can excavate with a

286
00:13:43,930 --> 00:13:41,270
backhoe we can excavate a trench across

287
00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:43,940
the fault and that trench might be nine

288
00:13:53,380 --> 00:13:48,530
feet or 12 feet or 15 feet deep and we

289
00:13:56,020 --> 00:13:53,390
put in we put in shores I draw shores or

290
00:13:57,820 --> 00:13:56,030
Jack's to keep the walls from collapsing

291
00:14:00,220 --> 00:13:57,830
because the last thing you want is to be

292
00:14:03,820 --> 00:14:00,230
in a trenchant and have it collapse on

293
00:14:06,310 --> 00:14:03,830
you yes and and the top of the trenches

294
00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:06,320
today and as you look down the wall of

295
00:14:11,590 --> 00:14:08,410
the trench you see different layers and

296
00:14:14,500 --> 00:14:11,600
as you're going down deeper and deeper

297
00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:14,510
you going back into time and when a

298
00:14:20,470 --> 00:14:17,330
large earthquake occurs it generally

299
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:20,480
breaks to the Earth's surface and if

300
00:14:27,460 --> 00:14:23,600
it's in the right place that breakage

301
00:14:28,480 --> 00:14:27,470
can then be buried say by a stream

302
00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:28,490
ringing

303
00:14:34,030 --> 00:14:32,330
and and depositing it over the over the

304
00:14:36,370 --> 00:14:34,040
rupture at the surface and it gets

305
00:14:39,100 --> 00:14:36,380
preserved and it's like a fossil and

306
00:14:41,019 --> 00:14:39,110
then another earthquake occurs and it

307
00:14:44,019 --> 00:14:41,029
breaks up to the new ground surface and

308
00:14:47,460 --> 00:14:44,029
this process keeps repeating well we can

309
00:14:51,130 --> 00:14:47,470
see this process in the trench and using

310
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:51,140
dating techniques like carbon 14 we can

311
00:14:58,780 --> 00:14:54,320
date little pieces of charcoal or seeds

312
00:15:01,000 --> 00:14:58,790
or pieces of wood or pieces of bone it

313
00:15:05,889 --> 00:15:01,010
can give us the age of that earthquake

314
00:15:09,370 --> 00:15:05,899
within 10 or 20 or 30 years so we now

315
00:15:13,449 --> 00:15:09,380
have the ability to work out the history

316
00:15:17,710 --> 00:15:13,459
of the past earthquakes on large Falls

317
00:15:19,780 --> 00:15:17,720
and we use that past history to say

318
00:15:23,290 --> 00:15:19,790
something about what's going to happen

319
00:15:26,050 --> 00:15:23,300
in the future 40 years ago this was just

320
00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:26,060
beginning in the past 40 years we made

321
00:15:31,060 --> 00:15:28,490
incredible progress in different

322
00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:31,070
techniques for dating in different

323
00:15:39,340 --> 00:15:34,970
approaches for imaging the fall so we've

324
00:15:43,569 --> 00:15:39,350
really really come a long way and we're

325
00:15:46,180 --> 00:15:43,579
using this information really to help

326
00:15:49,750 --> 00:15:46,190
develop building codes to make stronger

327
00:15:51,699 --> 00:15:49,760
buildings to say how strong the ground

328
00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:51,709
shaking is going to be in different

329
00:15:58,420 --> 00:15:55,130
places and its really been fabulous for

330
00:16:01,090 --> 00:15:58,430
me personally to be involved in watching

331
00:16:03,010 --> 00:16:01,100
all this progress and watching these

332
00:16:06,190 --> 00:16:03,020
changes that I feel like an old guy now

333
00:16:09,660 --> 00:16:06,200
and there are young scientists coming

334
00:16:12,730 --> 00:16:09,670
coming I into the field I can do things

335
00:16:16,769 --> 00:16:12,740
technologically that you know just leave

336
00:16:20,170 --> 00:16:16,779
me way behind so yeah a lot of people

337
00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:20,180
have have called you the Indiana Jones

338
00:16:28,389 --> 00:16:24,370
of geology is that something that you uh

339
00:16:30,340 --> 00:16:28,399
you would agree with ya I don't know if

340
00:16:33,069 --> 00:16:30,350
I would go that far but you know I I

341
00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:33,079
have had the opportunity to to study

342
00:16:41,170 --> 00:16:36,520
some really interesting Falls and

343
00:16:41,929 --> 00:16:41,180
isolated and remote places I've been to

344
00:16:45,979 --> 00:16:41,939
[\h__\h]

345
00:16:49,219 --> 00:16:45,989
have five times to study the faults that

346
00:16:52,969 --> 00:16:49,229
produce the great 1957 Gobi Altai

347
00:16:55,009 --> 00:16:52,979
earthquake that's in the in the northern

348
00:16:57,589 --> 00:16:55,019
Gobi Desert and that was the largest

349
00:17:00,949 --> 00:16:57,599
earthquake in the western hemisphere is

350
00:17:04,879 --> 00:17:00,959
that correct no it was but it was it was

351
00:17:08,360 --> 00:17:04,889
big it was a magnitude 7.8 or 7.9 and

352
00:17:11,329 --> 00:17:08,370
then we been to northern Mongolia just

353
00:17:13,819 --> 00:17:11,339
just south of the Siberian border to

354
00:17:18,549 --> 00:17:13,829
look at a fall called bol na i fall

355
00:17:23,419 --> 00:17:18,559
which in 1905 produced a magnitude

356
00:17:28,100 --> 00:17:23,429
magnitude 8.1 earthquake and so it moves

357
00:17:31,730 --> 00:17:28,110
around 25 feet sideways over a distance

358
00:17:34,610 --> 00:17:31,740
of about 300 miles so that's something

359
00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:34,620
that I I want to touch on to um you know

360
00:17:40,129 --> 00:17:36,450
for four people out there who aren't

361
00:17:42,049 --> 00:17:40,139
familiar with geology when it comes to I

362
00:17:44,419 --> 00:17:42,059
want to talk about some of the myths so

363
00:17:47,119 --> 00:17:44,429
so what exactly when you're building a

364
00:17:49,039 --> 00:17:47,129
trench or when you're digging a trench a

365
00:17:51,649 --> 00:17:49,049
lot of people think that the ground

366
00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:51,659
opens up and that there you know there's

367
00:17:57,769 --> 00:17:54,480
this wide gap and you go down into that

368
00:17:59,930 --> 00:17:57,779
crack and you're able to see what's been

369
00:18:01,970 --> 00:17:59,940
going on and go through time and see all

370
00:18:05,779 --> 00:18:01,980
the different changes but is it more

371
00:18:07,909 --> 00:18:05,789
along the lines of you actually dig the

372
00:18:10,430 --> 00:18:07,919
trench and everybody digs the trench and

373
00:18:12,289 --> 00:18:10,440
and they're able to walk down and see

374
00:18:14,450 --> 00:18:12,299
see what it is it's not that the earth

375
00:18:17,119 --> 00:18:14,460
actually opens up and you go what we

376
00:18:20,450 --> 00:18:17,129
want we ready when we excavate a trench

377
00:18:24,350 --> 00:18:20,460
we generally do it with if we can with a

378
00:18:30,499 --> 00:18:24,360
big back oh that will that will you know

379
00:18:34,009 --> 00:18:30,509
dig and a very straight and straight

380
00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:34,019
sided exposure of the fall for us well

381
00:18:38,570 --> 00:18:35,730
we're in places like Mongolia we don't

382
00:18:42,169 --> 00:18:38,580
have backhoes and so we we do it by hand

383
00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:42,179
but you know that's just an excavation

384
00:18:48,379 --> 00:18:45,690
there is a real myth and I think it's

385
00:18:50,060 --> 00:18:48,389
been generated by Hollywood that when

386
00:18:54,740 --> 00:18:50,070
you have a big earthquake on the fault

387
00:18:58,070 --> 00:18:54,750
somehow the ground just splits apart

388
00:19:00,770 --> 00:18:58,080
buildings topple in dinosaurs jump out

389
00:19:04,820 --> 00:19:00,780
and you know all these crazy things

390
00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:04,830
happen but what people should really

391
00:19:09,050 --> 00:19:07,050
think about or these faults and I'm

392
00:19:12,710 --> 00:19:09,060
talking about and that we worry about

393
00:19:16,490 --> 00:19:12,720
because when a fault moves it releases

394
00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:16,500
stress and that that produces the

395
00:19:21,770 --> 00:19:18,930
earthquake the shaking this false has

396
00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:21,780
simply cracks in the Earth's crust and

397
00:19:29,090 --> 00:19:25,350
they extend from the surface down six or

398
00:19:32,620 --> 00:19:29,100
seven or eight miles and it's because

399
00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:32,630
they're so narrow that we can actually

400
00:19:37,940 --> 00:19:35,970
study them expose them but this idea

401
00:19:41,900 --> 00:19:37,950
that you have these great fissures

402
00:19:43,640 --> 00:19:41,910
opening up and things falling in that's

403
00:19:48,350 --> 00:19:43,650
not the way it works and I happen to

404
00:19:54,290 --> 00:19:48,360
catch the ideas new movie come here in

405
00:19:56,480 --> 00:19:54,300
May equal san andreas yes and I caught

406
00:19:59,660 --> 00:19:56,490
the trailer to that and I was just I was

407
00:20:03,650 --> 00:19:59,670
just laughing hysterically because they

408
00:20:06,860 --> 00:20:03,660
show this huge Fisher opening up as the

409
00:20:08,570 --> 00:20:06,870
phone faltas rupturing and I'm sure

410
00:20:11,300 --> 00:20:08,580
they're going to have half of California

411
00:20:14,810 --> 00:20:11,310
sliding into the Pacific Ocean and then

412
00:20:17,690 --> 00:20:14,820
they has big buildings high-rise steel

413
00:20:21,830 --> 00:20:17,700
structures just breaking it in half and

414
00:20:25,310 --> 00:20:21,840
falling over you know and that that will

415
00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:25,320
not happen really in a modern city but

416
00:20:30,020 --> 00:20:28,410
more importantly the fault will not you

417
00:20:32,150 --> 00:20:30,030
know do what they show I'm really

418
00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:32,160
looking forward to seeing the movie and

419
00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:34,530
having a good time and I know that most

420
00:20:40,850 --> 00:20:37,050
of what they have in there is is not

421
00:20:43,220 --> 00:20:40,860
true and it's not the way things work so

422
00:20:45,950 --> 00:20:43,230
so in that brings up a good point and

423
00:20:47,510 --> 00:20:45,960
and I can get back to entertainment and

424
00:20:49,310 --> 00:20:47,520
earthquakes and I think we should circle

425
00:20:53,050 --> 00:20:49,320
back to that later because that's always

426
00:20:56,000 --> 00:20:53,060
a fun fun topic but specifically

427
00:20:59,420 --> 00:20:56,010
California falling into the ocean now

428
00:21:01,850 --> 00:20:59,430
I've gone on a lot of different news

429
00:21:03,860 --> 00:21:01,860
news articles and whenever there's a

430
00:21:05,510 --> 00:21:03,870
news article about an earthquake and I

431
00:21:08,509 --> 00:21:05,520
guess I'm sensitive because I live in

432
00:21:09,919 --> 00:21:08,519
California and a lot of people

433
00:21:12,049 --> 00:21:09,929
you know listening the show there's

434
00:21:14,419 --> 00:21:12,059
probably several people that list that

435
00:21:16,909 --> 00:21:14,429
live in California and when we live here

436
00:21:18,649 --> 00:21:16,919
we feel earthquakes you know there are

437
00:21:21,019 --> 00:21:18,659
two point o's therefore point knows

438
00:21:22,969 --> 00:21:21,029
they're sometimes five point OS and

439
00:21:25,039 --> 00:21:22,979
sometimes they give a good jolt but you

440
00:21:26,959 --> 00:21:25,049
learn to live with it and it's just you

441
00:21:29,959 --> 00:21:26,969
know part of the natural surroundings

442
00:21:32,690 --> 00:21:29,969
and we're not too afraid at least the

443
00:21:34,310 --> 00:21:32,700
people aren't afraid who who weren't in

444
00:21:36,019 --> 00:21:34,320
some of the bigger ones like others in

445
00:21:38,930 --> 00:21:36,029
the loma prieta earthquake when i was a

446
00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:38,940
young child a lot of people have stories

447
00:21:45,589 --> 00:21:42,690
about that but this idea that Cal I

448
00:21:47,599 --> 00:21:45,599
always see in these stories they there's

449
00:21:49,810 --> 00:21:47,609
always people writing oh I can't wait

450
00:21:51,589 --> 00:21:49,820
till California falls into the ocean Oh

451
00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:51,599
California is going to fall into the

452
00:21:56,810 --> 00:21:54,570
ocean Arizona is beachfront property and

453
00:22:01,009 --> 00:21:56,820
it's kind of it's kind of a joke but I

454
00:22:03,529 --> 00:22:01,019
have the fear that and people actually

455
00:22:08,529 --> 00:22:03,539
think that or that that actually might

456
00:22:11,149 --> 00:22:08,539
happen so alleviate my fierce well uh

457
00:22:13,099 --> 00:22:11,159
tomorrow California is probably just

458
00:22:16,129 --> 00:22:13,109
gonna fall into the ocean no in all

459
00:22:20,199 --> 00:22:16,139
seriousness I think that comes from the

460
00:22:23,869 --> 00:22:20,209
fact that the san andreas fault system

461
00:22:26,930 --> 00:22:23,879
extends through all of the state and it

462
00:22:31,879 --> 00:22:26,940
goes from the Gulf of California on the

463
00:22:34,759 --> 00:22:31,889
sound all the way up to near the Oregon

464
00:22:37,489 --> 00:22:34,769
border and there is the main San Andreas

465
00:22:40,069 --> 00:22:37,499
Fault which produced the 1906 happen

466
00:22:43,699 --> 00:22:40,079
Cisco earthquake and a big earthquake in

467
00:22:47,479 --> 00:22:43,709
southern california in 1857 and they're

468
00:22:50,509 --> 00:22:47,489
all of the secondary with subsidiary

469
00:22:53,389 --> 00:22:50,519
faults that are parallel to it so there

470
00:22:56,509 --> 00:22:53,399
is a big fault zone that runs through

471
00:23:00,949 --> 00:22:56,519
the whole central part of California and

472
00:23:04,999 --> 00:23:00,959
the eastern part of the state is moving

473
00:23:07,430 --> 00:23:05,009
to the south and the western part which

474
00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:07,440
is the Pacific plate the eastern parts

475
00:23:13,069 --> 00:23:09,690
of the North American plate the Pacific

476
00:23:15,919 --> 00:23:13,079
plate is moving northward and they're

477
00:23:19,430 --> 00:23:15,929
doing this at about on average two

478
00:23:22,490 --> 00:23:19,440
inches a year you can't really see that

479
00:23:27,530 --> 00:23:22,500
but when there are earthquakes that

480
00:23:30,410 --> 00:23:27,540
the ground shifts and over time one side

481
00:23:34,130 --> 00:23:30,420
it is moving relative to the other so if

482
00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:34,140
we wait around six or seven or eight

483
00:23:40,970 --> 00:23:37,650
million years Los Angeles will be close

484
00:23:42,860 --> 00:23:40,980
to San Francisco but that's really not

485
00:23:45,980 --> 00:23:42,870
what they wouldn't need the bullet train

486
00:23:50,870 --> 00:23:45,990
then that's that they're building you

487
00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:50,880
wouldn't need a bullet train no so so

488
00:23:57,260 --> 00:23:53,730
you know this is really not a concern of

489
00:24:00,500 --> 00:23:57,270
ours in the short term it is a long term

490
00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:00,510
process it's part of what we call plate

491
00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:04,410
tectonics and when we look around planet

492
00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:07,890
there are different plates moving in

493
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:09,930
different directions at different rates

494
00:24:15,860 --> 00:24:12,210
and the boundaries between these

495
00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:15,870
different plates are big fault zones

496
00:24:21,170 --> 00:24:18,690
that produce earthquakes now what is a

497
00:24:24,350 --> 00:24:21,180
plate like can you explain plate and

498
00:24:26,690 --> 00:24:24,360
what that means well what what is a

499
00:24:29,510 --> 00:24:26,700
plate and how many there might be there

500
00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:29,520
there are seven or eight major plates

501
00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:34,260
that sit on on earth the Pacific plate

502
00:24:40,550 --> 00:24:37,440
North American plate so if you if you

503
00:24:42,590 --> 00:24:40,560
were to take a look at a globe and look

504
00:24:45,500 --> 00:24:42,600
at the Pacific Ocean and you look at the

505
00:24:47,870 --> 00:24:45,510
boundary between the Pacific Ocean and

506
00:24:50,810 --> 00:24:47,880
South America Pacific Ocean in north

507
00:24:56,540 --> 00:24:50,820
america pacific ocean and alaska pacific

508
00:24:59,000 --> 00:24:56,550
ocean and asia that area within that

509
00:25:05,390 --> 00:24:59,010
boundary is the Pacific plate and that's

510
00:25:07,790 --> 00:25:05,400
a big piece of crust and what we call

511
00:25:12,710 --> 00:25:07,800
lithosphere and these plates are for

512
00:25:15,170 --> 00:25:12,720
being driven by what we call convection

513
00:25:18,650 --> 00:25:15,180
cells this is movement in the deeper

514
00:25:21,950 --> 00:25:18,660
part of the earth where material is

515
00:25:26,090 --> 00:25:21,960
flowing and circulating and the

516
00:25:30,770 --> 00:25:26,100
circulation drives the thinner crust up

517
00:25:35,060 --> 00:25:30,780
on top and over time these plates move

518
00:25:36,530 --> 00:25:35,070
around at one time there was one single

519
00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:36,540
super

520
00:25:44,870 --> 00:25:41,490
and one gone Wonderland and over time it

521
00:25:48,560 --> 00:25:44,880
broke up and these currents was in the

522
00:25:52,730 --> 00:25:48,570
earth just moved the broken parts around

523
00:25:55,550 --> 00:25:52,740
into their present position and in terms

524
00:25:59,450 --> 00:25:55,560
of earthquakes for in the United States

525
00:26:03,410 --> 00:25:59,460
the western part of the continent is the

526
00:26:05,420 --> 00:26:03,420
boundary between the Pacific plate and

527
00:26:08,630 --> 00:26:05,430
the North American plate and so in

528
00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:08,640
California we have the major part of the

529
00:26:14,030 --> 00:26:10,920
boundary and the plates moves sideways

530
00:26:16,610 --> 00:26:14,040
and we call this strike slip fault so if

531
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:16,620
you move from California and go a little

532
00:26:23,720 --> 00:26:20,010
bit to the east in Nevada and Utah and

533
00:26:25,670 --> 00:26:23,730
Montana and Wyoming it that's also part

534
00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:25,680
of the boundary but there the crust is

535
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:28,650
being pulled apart and the faulting is

536
00:26:32,570 --> 00:26:31,290
different so if you love skiing and

537
00:26:35,420 --> 00:26:32,580
you'd like to go to the Wasatch

538
00:26:37,550 --> 00:26:35,430
Mountains that's great the Wasatch

539
00:26:40,240 --> 00:26:37,560
Mountains are there and there are ten

540
00:26:43,130 --> 00:26:40,250
eleven thousand feet high because

541
00:26:45,590 --> 00:26:43,140
they're being pushed up by a different

542
00:26:47,300 --> 00:26:45,600
type of fault and you go further to the

543
00:26:49,910 --> 00:26:47,310
east and you get into the Rocky

544
00:26:52,010 --> 00:26:49,920
Mountains and it gets quieter and then

545
00:26:55,100 --> 00:26:52,020
you get into the central and eastern US

546
00:26:57,230 --> 00:26:55,110
and overall that's a very that's still

547
00:27:01,280 --> 00:26:57,240
part of the North American plate but

548
00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:01,290
it's it's a very quiet part except for

549
00:27:07,220 --> 00:27:03,440
what we call the New Madrid Seismic zone

550
00:27:12,260 --> 00:27:07,230
which runs through Missouri and

551
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:12,270
Tennessee and so what are the one of the

552
00:27:18,290 --> 00:27:15,210
quiet States just two or three the top

553
00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:18,300
the quietest earthquake states because

554
00:27:24,740 --> 00:27:21,440
there's a lot of people that say that um

555
00:27:27,410 --> 00:27:24,750
that fracking is going on and that's

556
00:27:30,410 --> 00:27:27,420
what causing is what is causing some of

557
00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:30,420
the earthquakes in these places that

558
00:27:35,360 --> 00:27:32,970
never before have earthquake this is

559
00:27:39,350 --> 00:27:35,370
this this is true this is the real issue

560
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:39,360
right now it's both the scientific issue

561
00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:42,210
and it's a political issue and it's an

562
00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:47,850
economic issue there is heart fracking

563
00:27:55,490 --> 00:27:49,770
or hydro cracker and

564
00:27:59,420 --> 00:27:55,500
where companies are trying to get

565
00:28:03,170 --> 00:27:59,430
natural gas out of certain rock

566
00:28:05,810 --> 00:28:03,180
formations and they pump in fluids and

567
00:28:09,230 --> 00:28:05,820
they break the rock and they create

568
00:28:12,740 --> 00:28:09,240
fractures to allow oil and gas to flow

569
00:28:17,480 --> 00:28:12,750
and and they capture that and they've

570
00:28:19,550 --> 00:28:17,490
been doing this for a long time there is

571
00:28:22,010 --> 00:28:19,560
wastewater associated with the whole

572
00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:22,020
process and that gets pumped back into

573
00:28:31,490 --> 00:28:26,570
the ground and it's this wastewater that

574
00:28:36,650 --> 00:28:31,500
seems to be affecting the rocks and the

575
00:28:41,170 --> 00:28:36,660
stress and we've known since the 1970s

576
00:28:44,690 --> 00:28:41,180
that if you pump fluids into the ground

577
00:28:47,750 --> 00:28:44,700
they will the result of that will be in

578
00:28:50,150 --> 00:28:47,760
places the production of small

579
00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:50,160
earthquakes you change the local stress

580
00:28:58,220 --> 00:28:53,130
and so these earthquakes in Oklahoma and

581
00:29:01,250 --> 00:28:58,230
Texas and Pennsylvania and other places

582
00:29:04,250 --> 00:29:01,260
were they're doing a lot of fracking for

583
00:29:07,550 --> 00:29:04,260
oil and gas they're also producing these

584
00:29:10,010 --> 00:29:07,560
these moderate earthquakes and so far

585
00:29:11,450 --> 00:29:10,020
most of these earthquakes have been on

586
00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:11,460
the small side they've been in the

587
00:29:18,290 --> 00:29:15,210
magnitude 3 and 4 range it and the

588
00:29:21,610 --> 00:29:18,300
concern is that you're going to change

589
00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:21,620
the local stress enough that somehow

590
00:29:30,770 --> 00:29:26,490
you're going to set off a magnitude 6 or

591
00:29:33,860 --> 00:29:30,780
6 and a half is that possible yes it's

592
00:29:37,250 --> 00:29:33,870
possible we haven't seen an earthquake

593
00:29:39,470 --> 00:29:37,260
of that size generated by the fracking

594
00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:39,480
process but there is concern that this

595
00:29:48,590 --> 00:29:42,570
can happen and if you're in California

596
00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:48,600
building codes have been such that new

597
00:29:53,900 --> 00:29:50,730
buildings you know have really been

598
00:29:56,660 --> 00:29:53,910
constructed with earthquake standards in

599
00:29:59,630 --> 00:29:56,670
mind sure many parts of the country

600
00:30:01,550 --> 00:29:59,640
there are no earthquake standards so in

601
00:30:03,410 --> 00:30:01,560
Texas they don't really care about

602
00:30:05,450 --> 00:30:03,420
earthquakes in their building codes

603
00:30:07,910 --> 00:30:05,460
in Pennsylvania they don't care and

604
00:30:10,510 --> 00:30:07,920
Oklahoma you know they don't have it so

605
00:30:13,340 --> 00:30:10,520
this places are all very very vulnerable

606
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:13,350
to strong shaking so if you get a six

607
00:30:20,210 --> 00:30:17,610
and a half which would do some damage in

608
00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:20,220
California but would be more of a big

609
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:23,310
topic of discussion in another part of

610
00:30:30,230 --> 00:30:26,010
the country could do a significant

611
00:30:32,570 --> 00:30:30,240
damage so it is to you and there's a lot

612
00:30:36,380 --> 00:30:32,580
of discussion about that right so you

613
00:30:39,200 --> 00:30:36,390
had a sort of I'm not necessarily

614
00:30:43,070 --> 00:30:39,210
veering off topic but you had a really

615
00:30:46,060 --> 00:30:43,080
big study that was released and it was

616
00:30:49,850 --> 00:30:46,070
back I think was back in the late 90s

617
00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:49,860
that there was a good chance that the

618
00:30:55,370 --> 00:30:52,130
big one was going to hit San Francisco

619
00:30:56,750 --> 00:30:55,380
within the next like 20 or 25 years it

620
00:30:59,360 --> 00:30:56,760
was like can you can you can be the

621
00:31:01,250 --> 00:30:59,370
actual data for that it was a sixty

622
00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:01,260
percent chance or something around there

623
00:31:08,860 --> 00:31:07,050
yeah we started a study in 1999 and we

624
00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:08,870
had an early version and that we

625
00:31:18,490 --> 00:31:14,850
released a major study in 2003 and we

626
00:31:21,740 --> 00:31:18,500
were looking at the probability of

627
00:31:25,850 --> 00:31:21,750
future earthquakes on The Fault in the

628
00:31:28,610 --> 00:31:25,860
San Francisco Bay Area and we estimated

629
00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:28,620
at that time that in the next 30 years

630
00:31:38,270 --> 00:31:33,360
there was a sixty-two percent chance of

631
00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:38,280
the magnitude 6.7 or larger on one of

632
00:31:46,160 --> 00:31:42,630
the primary Bay Area falls and then that

633
00:31:49,790 --> 00:31:46,170
work was redone as part of a California

634
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:49,800
wide study in 2008 and they changed the

635
00:31:54,830 --> 00:31:51,600
probability of the sixty-three percent

636
00:31:57,010 --> 00:31:54,840
and then last year another study came

637
00:32:00,020 --> 00:31:57,020
out and the probability went up to

638
00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:00,030
seventy-two percent so however you look

639
00:32:04,850 --> 00:32:02,370
at it whatever we've done with different

640
00:32:06,560 --> 00:32:04,860
approaches and different methods we've

641
00:32:08,740 --> 00:32:06,570
come up with this kind of two out of

642
00:32:12,880 --> 00:32:08,750
three chance that in the next 30 years

643
00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:12,890
one of the big falls in the bay area

644
00:32:19,009 --> 00:32:15,690
will have a large earthquake and a real

645
00:32:22,490 --> 00:32:19,019
sure is the Hayward Fault right and and

646
00:32:25,310 --> 00:32:22,500
so and that that was a big study right

647
00:32:27,889 --> 00:32:25,320
when that was released because it

648
00:32:32,509 --> 00:32:27,899
affected or could have affected the

649
00:32:37,549 --> 00:32:32,519
value of houses in the Bay Area well go

650
00:32:42,249 --> 00:32:37,559
ahead I think that um it didn't really

651
00:32:44,869 --> 00:32:42,259
have an impact on the housing market and

652
00:32:46,700 --> 00:32:44,879
very little seems to actually have an

653
00:32:50,419 --> 00:32:46,710
impact on the housing market if the way

654
00:32:52,460 --> 00:32:50,429
price is continuing to go up but you

655
00:32:55,430 --> 00:32:52,470
know what we were trying to do was to

656
00:32:58,190 --> 00:32:55,440
just make people aware of what the

657
00:33:02,029 --> 00:32:58,200
hazard was so that they could prepare

658
00:33:04,580 --> 00:33:02,039
and that's the that's the real that's a

659
00:33:07,490 --> 00:33:04,590
major motivation for a lot of what we do

660
00:33:10,460 --> 00:33:07,500
because we can't predict earthquakes you

661
00:33:16,580 --> 00:33:10,470
know it'd be nice to say okay more you

662
00:33:19,330 --> 00:33:16,590
know at sunday afternoon at 253 and 25

663
00:33:21,919 --> 00:33:19,340
seconds there's going to be a magnitude

664
00:33:25,399 --> 00:33:21,929
7.1 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault

665
00:33:27,470 --> 00:33:25,409
we can't do that right what we can do

666
00:33:30,830 --> 00:33:27,480
and everything we've learned in the last

667
00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:30,840
40 years is to be able to come up with

668
00:33:37,460 --> 00:33:33,840
information on how we think false work

669
00:33:40,970 --> 00:33:37,470
on average from this geological work

670
00:33:43,940 --> 00:33:40,980
we've done and we use those averages to

671
00:33:47,539 --> 00:33:43,950
try and say something about average

672
00:33:50,480 --> 00:33:47,549
behavior in the future and some

673
00:33:53,210 --> 00:33:50,490
earthquake probabilities or have become

674
00:33:56,600 --> 00:33:53,220
very important and they're now used by

675
00:33:59,629 --> 00:33:56,610
the insurance company is in California

676
00:34:03,049 --> 00:33:59,639
to help set insurance rates and they

677
00:34:06,409 --> 00:34:03,059
give people an idea just how potentially

678
00:34:10,099 --> 00:34:06,419
dangerous you know a region is so I I

679
00:34:11,629 --> 00:34:10,109
have to ask then just for for this

680
00:34:14,780 --> 00:34:11,639
particular audience because I know that

681
00:34:16,909 --> 00:34:14,790
they they care about this when you're

682
00:34:18,970 --> 00:34:16,919
doing a study like that and you're going

683
00:34:22,220 --> 00:34:18,980
to release it and it's going to

684
00:34:24,710 --> 00:34:22,230
potentially affect things it could

685
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:24,720
potentially affect house values and in

686
00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:28,690
this case it didn't necessarily but

687
00:34:35,879 --> 00:34:34,450
you do you come out with that do you do

688
00:34:38,280 --> 00:34:35,889
you come out with that study right away

689
00:34:41,430 --> 00:34:38,290
and let everybody know instantly or is

690
00:34:44,579 --> 00:34:41,440
that something that you guys do you do

691
00:34:47,099 --> 00:34:44,589
you hold it in and wait till it's the

692
00:34:49,559 --> 00:34:47,109
right time to to release it or wait

693
00:34:52,309 --> 00:34:49,569
until all the science is perfectly sound

694
00:34:54,389 --> 00:34:52,319
and then release it what's the sort of

695
00:34:56,280 --> 00:34:54,399
okay we need to let the public know

696
00:34:58,470 --> 00:34:56,290
about this oh yeah can they view it

697
00:35:01,170 --> 00:34:58,480
that's a really that's a good question

698
00:35:04,380 --> 00:35:01,180
well the first thing is to really try

699
00:35:06,960 --> 00:35:04,390
and get the science as sound as we can

700
00:35:10,109 --> 00:35:06,970
make it and one of the things we've

701
00:35:12,720 --> 00:35:10,119
tried to do is to incorporate as much

702
00:35:15,150 --> 00:35:12,730
uncertainty this is a huge amount of

703
00:35:19,589 --> 00:35:15,160
uncertainty and how the earthworks and

704
00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:19,599
when that science is ready we put it

705
00:35:27,990 --> 00:35:24,190
together and we'll have you know a

706
00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:28,000
general release we generally don't let

707
00:35:34,980 --> 00:35:31,050
little bits and pieces at ahead of time

708
00:35:38,370 --> 00:35:34,990
but we'll have a we'll have a press

709
00:35:41,970 --> 00:35:38,380
conference will have the scientific

710
00:35:44,970 --> 00:35:41,980
report that comes out we'll have popular

711
00:35:46,859 --> 00:35:44,980
versions of that so that the general

712
00:35:51,089 --> 00:35:46,869
public can understand what we've done

713
00:35:53,910 --> 00:35:51,099
and we try and disseminate the

714
00:35:56,400 --> 00:35:53,920
information you know at different levels

715
00:36:00,300 --> 00:35:56,410
to different groups but it's generally

716
00:36:03,420 --> 00:36:00,310
done at one time once we think the

717
00:36:08,490 --> 00:36:03,430
science is as Sam as we can make it at

718
00:36:10,260 --> 00:36:08,500
the moment that's great thank you and so

719
00:36:11,880 --> 00:36:10,270
and I want to get back gosh there's so

720
00:36:13,050 --> 00:36:11,890
many questions i'm just trying to jump

721
00:36:15,059 --> 00:36:13,060
around because there's so much

722
00:36:19,140 --> 00:36:15,069
information and we have such a short

723
00:36:22,290 --> 00:36:19,150
amount of time regarding the the big

724
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:22,300
quake so there's the sixty-two percent

725
00:36:27,660 --> 00:36:24,970
chance or the 63 or potentially the

726
00:36:29,849 --> 00:36:27,670
seventy percent chance that the big one

727
00:36:33,270 --> 00:36:29,859
will hit within the next 30 years is

728
00:36:35,190 --> 00:36:33,280
there anything wrong and a big one a big

729
00:36:37,980 --> 00:36:35,200
one that's that's what thank you for

730
00:36:41,940 --> 00:36:37,990
correcting me is there anything that we

731
00:36:42,570 --> 00:36:41,950
could do to offset that like to release

732
00:36:45,330 --> 00:36:42,580
the press

733
00:36:46,950 --> 00:36:45,340
I know a lot of people talk about if you

734
00:36:49,830 --> 00:36:46,960
can release the pressure in a certain

735
00:36:53,100 --> 00:36:49,840
way then there will be less earthquakes

736
00:36:57,330 --> 00:36:53,110
is that true or is there some way to do

737
00:36:59,100 --> 00:36:57,340
that that's a great urban myth um you

738
00:37:01,530 --> 00:36:59,110
know people will say oh there have been

739
00:37:03,540 --> 00:37:01,540
a bunch of small earthquakes oh that's

740
00:37:06,420 --> 00:37:03,550
really good because it's released the

741
00:37:08,310 --> 00:37:06,430
release the stress for the big one but

742
00:37:10,350 --> 00:37:08,320
that's not the case when we have a lot

743
00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:10,360
of these smaller earthquakes in general

744
00:37:20,490 --> 00:37:15,610
like since last Sunday close to where I

745
00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:20,500
live in the east bay the concord fault

746
00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:23,890
has produced 17 or 18 small earthquakes

747
00:37:30,810 --> 00:37:27,010
and so people raise that issue does this

748
00:37:33,030 --> 00:37:30,820
mean that the big one has on the concord

749
00:37:34,890 --> 00:37:33,040
fault has a small chance of occurring

750
00:37:37,230 --> 00:37:34,900
and the answer is no it's the small

751
00:37:39,030 --> 00:37:37,240
earthquakes of just an indication that

752
00:37:42,330 --> 00:37:39,040
the level of stress in the Earth's crust

753
00:37:46,110 --> 00:37:42,340
is high and small little falls little

754
00:37:49,140 --> 00:37:46,120
patches weak patches sitting at 56 miles

755
00:37:51,150 --> 00:37:49,150
below the surface just decide to they've

756
00:37:54,090 --> 00:37:51,160
been tweaked and they and and they move

757
00:38:00,630 --> 00:37:54,100
a little bit in terms of doing anything

758
00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:00,640
technically to somehow release stress in

759
00:38:09,990 --> 00:38:04,090
a broad area so that a big earthquake

760
00:38:12,780 --> 00:38:10,000
like 1906 or the 1868 Hayward earthquake

761
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:12,790
you know doesn't happen there's nothing

762
00:38:19,500 --> 00:38:16,210
there's nothing technical at all we can

763
00:38:21,510 --> 00:38:19,510
do to try and release the stress so no

764
00:38:24,410 --> 00:38:21,520
fracking in certain areas that won't

765
00:38:27,540 --> 00:38:24,420
make a difference no then again the

766
00:38:31,050 --> 00:38:27,550
hydrocracking because they pump water

767
00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:31,060
back into the ground it changes the

768
00:38:37,050 --> 00:38:33,370
stress and it produces you know the

769
00:38:39,030 --> 00:38:37,060
small earthquakes but that doesn't that

770
00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:39,040
doesn't release stress for us for

771
00:38:46,920 --> 00:38:43,450
something larger so the whole idea of

772
00:38:50,250 --> 00:38:46,930
releasing stress somehow to put off the

773
00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:50,260
big one you know it's a great question

774
00:38:56,339 --> 00:38:52,810
and you know maybe that's a great movie

775
00:38:58,799 --> 00:38:56,349
that somebody wants to star in but

776
00:39:02,430 --> 00:38:58,809
right now scientifically is something

777
00:39:05,219 --> 00:39:02,440
that that we can't do so I'm talking

778
00:39:09,599 --> 00:39:05,229
about movies Dante's Peak what was your

779
00:39:14,099 --> 00:39:09,609
thought about Dante's Peak well you know

780
00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:14,109
that was really about volcanoes and a

781
00:39:19,979 --> 00:39:17,170
friend of mine at the USGS was the

782
00:39:22,049 --> 00:39:19,989
consultant on that and I think they

783
00:39:23,960 --> 00:39:22,059
actually did they did a pretty good job

784
00:39:28,380 --> 00:39:23,970
they made a geologist a hero

785
00:39:31,109 --> 00:39:28,390
good-looking guy and you know so you

786
00:39:33,089 --> 00:39:31,119
can't really you can't really complain I

787
00:39:35,910 --> 00:39:33,099
think the only problem was he had some

788
00:39:39,630 --> 00:39:35,920
sort of the vehicle that simply was able

789
00:39:41,910 --> 00:39:39,640
to ride on on everything and I wouldn't

790
00:39:45,180 --> 00:39:41,920
mind having that vehicle myself for

791
00:39:47,729 --> 00:39:45,190
field work I would take a DeLorean from

792
00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:47,739
Back to the Future any day myself that's

793
00:39:54,960 --> 00:39:51,970
my that's my dream car right there so

794
00:39:57,660 --> 00:39:54,970
okay well well this is all fantastic now

795
00:40:01,769 --> 00:39:57,670
there's a couple of other questions that

796
00:40:04,680 --> 00:40:01,779
I have regarding new systems that the

797
00:40:07,829 --> 00:40:04,690
USGS is putting into place so I've heard

798
00:40:10,140 --> 00:40:07,839
to that there's a new warning system

799
00:40:13,229 --> 00:40:10,150
that's happening and you said that you

800
00:40:14,999 --> 00:40:13,239
can't predict earthquakes now I know

801
00:40:16,859 --> 00:40:15,009
that there's people out there who say

802
00:40:20,130 --> 00:40:16,869
that they've predicted earthquakes or

803
00:40:22,680 --> 00:40:20,140
that you know they they've done mass

804
00:40:24,509 --> 00:40:22,690
predictions over it and I can't think of

805
00:40:26,729 --> 00:40:24,519
any names right now so if anybody in the

806
00:40:30,089 --> 00:40:26,739
chat room those are many names feel free

807
00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:30,099
to write them and also we will be taking

808
00:40:34,529 --> 00:40:32,410
calls today with David is that alright

809
00:40:37,109 --> 00:40:34,539
with you David if we take calls a little

810
00:40:39,329 --> 00:40:37,119
later in the in the show do a little bit

811
00:40:41,849 --> 00:40:39,339
group great so we will be doing that

812
00:40:43,739 --> 00:40:41,859
after the next break so get ready i'll

813
00:40:45,420 --> 00:40:43,749
give you the phone number or you can ask

814
00:40:47,459 --> 00:40:45,430
them in the chat room but we would love

815
00:40:50,849 --> 00:40:47,469
to hear your voice so go ahead and call

816
00:40:53,219 --> 00:40:50,859
in then but there is a new warning

817
00:40:55,319 --> 00:40:53,229
system that's that's taking place and

818
00:40:57,239 --> 00:40:55,329
you said earlier that people can't

819
00:40:58,920 --> 00:40:57,249
predict earthquakes you can't call me up

820
00:41:01,109 --> 00:40:58,930
and say hey Mark there's going to be an

821
00:41:03,989 --> 00:41:01,119
earthquake in about three hours so

822
00:41:05,849 --> 00:41:03,999
prepare yourself so what is this new

823
00:41:07,890 --> 00:41:05,859
warning system and move and how does

824
00:41:08,339 --> 00:41:07,900
that exactly work okay it's called the

825
00:41:11,700 --> 00:41:08,349
earth

826
00:41:14,039 --> 00:41:11,710
early warning and it's actually a system

827
00:41:16,319 --> 00:41:14,049
or this is a variation of system that's

828
00:41:20,940 --> 00:41:16,329
being used in other parts of the world

829
00:41:25,680 --> 00:41:20,950
in in actually in japan in mexico city

830
00:41:28,279 --> 00:41:25,690
in some locations in europe and when an

831
00:41:32,130 --> 00:41:28,289
earthquake when an earthquake happens

832
00:41:34,849 --> 00:41:32,140
the the earth's crust moves it snaps if

833
00:41:37,710 --> 00:41:34,859
you just push your fingers together

834
00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:37,720
you'll feel there's friction there and

835
00:41:44,609 --> 00:41:40,450
you keep pushing and you snap and hear

836
00:41:47,700 --> 00:41:44,619
the snap and your fingers have slid well

837
00:41:51,210 --> 00:41:47,710
the earth does the same thing and one

838
00:41:54,390 --> 00:41:51,220
part slides past the other it snaps it

839
00:41:57,509 --> 00:41:54,400
releases stress and that vibrates out

840
00:42:00,359 --> 00:41:57,519
and that causes the earth move and there

841
00:42:03,180 --> 00:42:00,369
are different kinds of waves and the

842
00:42:06,269 --> 00:42:03,190
first wave is called the P wave and it

843
00:42:09,329 --> 00:42:06,279
moves the earth back and forth and it

844
00:42:12,269 --> 00:42:09,339
moves very fast and it's followed by a

845
00:42:16,829 --> 00:42:12,279
slower way of calling S wave that moves

846
00:42:18,479 --> 00:42:16,839
the crust up and down and you know

847
00:42:20,910 --> 00:42:18,489
sometimes people who have felt

848
00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:20,920
earthquakes will say oh I felt things

849
00:42:25,319 --> 00:42:23,170
kind of move sideways and then I felt a

850
00:42:27,509 --> 00:42:25,329
pop underneath those are the two

851
00:42:31,799 --> 00:42:27,519
different kinds of earthquake waves

852
00:42:34,499 --> 00:42:31,809
coming in and so they've developed a way

853
00:42:37,579 --> 00:42:34,509
of analyzing this where all of the

854
00:42:41,459 --> 00:42:37,589
seismographs that are sit around

855
00:42:45,660 --> 00:42:41,469
particularly in California detect the P

856
00:42:50,519 --> 00:42:45,670
wave as it starts from the fault when

857
00:42:52,769 --> 00:42:50,529
the earthquake occurs and based on where

858
00:42:56,880 --> 00:42:52,779
it's detected and how quickly it's

859
00:43:00,749 --> 00:42:56,890
detected it can estimate how large the

860
00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:00,759
earthquake is going to be and how long

861
00:43:06,059 --> 00:43:03,130
it will take the S wave which does most

862
00:43:09,479 --> 00:43:06,069
of the damage to arrive at different

863
00:43:14,029 --> 00:43:09,489
places so for instance if you live in

864
00:43:18,779 --> 00:43:14,039
San Francisco and an earthquake starts

865
00:43:21,120 --> 00:43:18,789
on the San Andreas Fault at a place

866
00:43:21,890 --> 00:43:21,130
called point raised which is maybe a

867
00:43:25,150 --> 00:43:21,900
hundred

868
00:43:27,680 --> 00:43:25,160
miles to the north and and the and the

869
00:43:30,740 --> 00:43:27,690
earthquake sort of moves toward San

870
00:43:36,290 --> 00:43:30,750
Francisco with this system you might

871
00:43:41,240 --> 00:43:36,300
have 20 25 30 seconds of warning that

872
00:43:45,410 --> 00:43:41,250
strong shaking is coming and that'll

873
00:43:48,890 --> 00:43:45,420
give it's already being used by the bay

874
00:43:53,270 --> 00:43:48,900
area rapid transit system the bark shark

875
00:43:54,860 --> 00:43:53,280
now it automatically shuts down it when

876
00:43:58,700 --> 00:43:54,870
it's in school you're going to have this

877
00:44:00,620 --> 00:43:58,710
on your on your smartphone and what

878
00:44:03,590 --> 00:44:00,630
you're going to hear I mean I've seen

879
00:44:05,270 --> 00:44:03,600
the beta versions on computers suddenly

880
00:44:11,630 --> 00:44:05,280
you'll hear out of nowhere it'll say

881
00:44:14,600 --> 00:44:11,640
earthquake 17 16 15 14 earthquake 12 11

882
00:44:19,340 --> 00:44:14,610
10 it'll actually count down the sec

883
00:44:22,640 --> 00:44:19,350
yeah oh you feel that that strong really

884
00:44:25,640 --> 00:44:22,650
strong shaking coming in it'll be in

885
00:44:28,010 --> 00:44:25,650
school so kids out that'll get it under

886
00:44:30,920 --> 00:44:28,020
learjet just enough time to get under

887
00:44:32,390 --> 00:44:30,930
their desk to run outside or do what

888
00:44:35,900 --> 00:44:32,400
they need to do wow that's pretty that's

889
00:44:38,420 --> 00:44:35,910
been credible I think of it in hospitals

890
00:44:41,150 --> 00:44:38,430
just before the surgeon is going to put

891
00:44:44,030 --> 00:44:41,160
a scalpel into you he hears this and he

892
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:44,040
stops I mean there are so many practical

893
00:44:50,420 --> 00:44:47,570
uses um it's not going to help everybody

894
00:44:53,690 --> 00:44:50,430
everywhere if the earthquake is right

895
00:44:56,840 --> 00:44:53,700
below you it's not going to give you any

896
00:44:59,180 --> 00:44:56,850
warning time but it really will have I

897
00:45:01,310 --> 00:44:59,190
think a positive effect not only in

898
00:45:04,010 --> 00:45:01,320
California but throughout throughout the

899
00:45:05,870 --> 00:45:04,020
u.s. so how far away would you would you

900
00:45:07,640 --> 00:45:05,880
have to be you said if it's right

901
00:45:10,370 --> 00:45:07,650
underneath you you don't have a shot

902
00:45:13,010 --> 00:45:10,380
it's just going to go that route if

903
00:45:16,160 --> 00:45:13,020
you're 20 miles three miles 40 miles

904
00:45:20,320 --> 00:45:16,170
from the epicenter of the earthquake you

905
00:45:23,060 --> 00:45:20,330
get you get time San Francisco was about

906
00:45:28,460 --> 00:45:23,070
30 miles from Napa when they had an

907
00:45:31,610 --> 00:45:28,470
earthquake last September and the system

908
00:45:35,240 --> 00:45:31,620
would have given people 10 12 seconds of

909
00:45:39,110 --> 00:45:35,250
warning in San Francisco but again

910
00:45:41,960 --> 00:45:39,120
when you if you start to train to

911
00:45:44,090 --> 00:45:41,970
respond to these warnings then you know

912
00:45:45,830 --> 00:45:44,100
what to do and I think down the road

913
00:45:49,430 --> 00:45:45,840
it's just going to be a marvelous

914
00:45:51,260 --> 00:45:49,440
improvement um and so another warning

915
00:45:54,230 --> 00:45:51,270
sign that a lot of people say that

916
00:45:58,730 --> 00:45:54,240
they've they've experienced in the past

917
00:46:00,590 --> 00:45:58,740
is that their animals tell them when an

918
00:46:03,200 --> 00:46:00,600
earthquake is coming or their animals

919
00:46:05,840 --> 00:46:03,210
start to act funny when there's an

920
00:46:07,580 --> 00:46:05,850
earthquake is there any correlation or

921
00:46:10,850 --> 00:46:07,590
have there been studies done with that

922
00:46:12,830 --> 00:46:10,860
idea it's a myth for a reason right so

923
00:46:16,340 --> 00:46:12,840
so maybe things have happened in the

924
00:46:19,250 --> 00:46:16,350
past what do you know about that type of

925
00:46:24,380 --> 00:46:19,260
activity well in general I mean I think

926
00:46:28,760 --> 00:46:24,390
that yes sort of relying on on animal

927
00:46:31,760 --> 00:46:28,770
behavior you'll really be fooled yeah my

928
00:46:33,620 --> 00:46:31,770
dog he acts crazy all the time so I

929
00:46:36,110 --> 00:46:33,630
don't I don't think he could be like

930
00:46:37,850 --> 00:46:36,120
Lassie and tell me you know that someone

931
00:46:42,010 --> 00:46:37,860
stuck in a well or that an earthquake is

932
00:46:44,300 --> 00:46:42,020
coming he just parked for food yeah

933
00:46:46,310 --> 00:46:44,310
there are a lot of there are a lot of

934
00:46:47,660 --> 00:46:46,320
cases though where you just have to say

935
00:46:49,430 --> 00:46:47,670
well you know maybe there could be

936
00:46:53,300 --> 00:46:49,440
something there and I can remember after

937
00:46:54,910 --> 00:46:53,310
the loma prieta earthquake in 1989 i was

938
00:46:58,490 --> 00:46:54,920
working up in the Santa Cruz Mountains

939
00:47:01,580 --> 00:46:58,500
and I was talking to this rancher who

940
00:47:04,940 --> 00:47:01,590
had horses and she said that about a

941
00:47:07,450 --> 00:47:04,950
half an hour before the earthquake one

942
00:47:10,640 --> 00:47:07,460
particular mayor who was always

943
00:47:14,990 --> 00:47:10,650
completely Kong just got incredibly

944
00:47:17,720 --> 00:47:15,000
excited and they couldn't exam and then

945
00:47:21,800 --> 00:47:17,730
you know 25 minutes later the earthquake

946
00:47:28,070 --> 00:47:21,810
occurred now she thinks the mayor said

947
00:47:32,480 --> 00:47:28,080
something and and and maybe maybe she

948
00:47:35,210 --> 00:47:32,490
did when when rocks start to break when

949
00:47:38,390 --> 00:47:35,220
the fall starts to move minerals and

950
00:47:41,330 --> 00:47:38,400
rocks break and roughs have minerals

951
00:47:42,890 --> 00:47:41,340
like warts have electrical properties so

952
00:47:46,190 --> 00:47:42,900
maybe they give off some sort of

953
00:47:49,140 --> 00:47:46,200
electrical current there may be sound

954
00:47:52,079 --> 00:47:49,150
because there is sound associated

955
00:47:56,849 --> 00:47:52,089
some earthquakes and it may occur you

956
00:48:01,500 --> 00:47:56,859
know at a level that we can't hear the

957
00:48:04,549 --> 00:48:01,510
cert animals can hear it so I wouldn't

958
00:48:08,910 --> 00:48:04,559
say a hundred percent that there's

959
00:48:13,049 --> 00:48:08,920
nothing to you know animals some animals

960
00:48:17,190 --> 00:48:13,059
sometimes sensing some sort of changes

961
00:48:21,120 --> 00:48:17,200
but overall animal behavior is no guide

962
00:48:23,579 --> 00:48:21,130
to when an earthquake is going to occur

963
00:48:26,370 --> 00:48:23,589
there was a there was a geologist in the

964
00:48:30,510 --> 00:48:26,380
Bay Area who used to predict earthquakes

965
00:48:33,329 --> 00:48:30,520
based on reports in the newspaper of

966
00:48:35,609 --> 00:48:33,339
people's pets disappearing you know well

967
00:48:38,370 --> 00:48:35,619
my cat ran off means we're going to have

968
00:48:43,109 --> 00:48:38,380
a big earthquake it doesn't it doesn't

969
00:48:45,359 --> 00:48:43,119
work that way so and and is there it's

970
00:48:49,650 --> 00:48:45,369
really nice to hear you you talk about

971
00:48:52,289 --> 00:48:49,660
this because you know I think I feel

972
00:48:54,680 --> 00:48:52,299
especially this this community the

973
00:48:57,990 --> 00:48:54,690
paranormal community feels that

974
00:49:00,000 --> 00:48:58,000
scientists need to be open and listen to

975
00:49:03,059 --> 00:49:00,010
all that's around them because you never

976
00:49:05,460 --> 00:49:03,069
know what is it is affecting what and by

977
00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:05,470
the things that you are talking about

978
00:49:12,299 --> 00:49:08,710
now I mean it's not like it's a yes or

979
00:49:15,210 --> 00:49:12,309
no answer it's because you know we don't

980
00:49:19,260 --> 00:49:15,220
know and so it's really nice to hear

981
00:49:22,890 --> 00:49:19,270
that coming from you is there you know

982
00:49:25,500 --> 00:49:22,900
it is there a reason that the USGS would

983
00:49:28,260 --> 00:49:25,510
not study that type of animal behavior

984
00:49:30,630 --> 00:49:28,270
or is it just purely because it really

985
00:49:32,789 --> 00:49:30,640
does not have an effect or or have they

986
00:49:35,029 --> 00:49:32,799
have they studied it they did I mean

987
00:49:39,569 --> 00:49:35,039
they did at one time there early studies

988
00:49:42,359 --> 00:49:39,579
on animal behavior and you know variety

989
00:49:46,190 --> 00:49:42,369
of statistical analyses and you know it

990
00:49:48,630 --> 00:49:46,200
just didn't go anywhere so sure

991
00:49:52,490 --> 00:49:48,640
particularly in the early days of the

992
00:49:56,370 --> 00:49:52,500
earthquake hazards program in the in the

993
00:49:59,309 --> 00:49:56,380
nineteen early 1970s I mean a lot of

994
00:50:01,850 --> 00:49:59,319
these things were we looked at but but

995
00:50:04,310 --> 00:50:01,860
they didn't lead to anything

996
00:50:06,830 --> 00:50:04,320
really positive and more important

997
00:50:08,720 --> 00:50:06,840
things were put on the table and there's

998
00:50:12,290 --> 00:50:08,730
only a certain amount of money and

999
00:50:14,600 --> 00:50:12,300
resources and and people to you know to

1000
00:50:18,470 --> 00:50:14,610
do this kind of work and I think that's

1001
00:50:20,900 --> 00:50:18,480
a really big thing to to mention now

1002
00:50:22,460 --> 00:50:20,910
we're about to go on a break and in one

1003
00:50:24,740 --> 00:50:22,470
minute and when we come back to the

1004
00:50:26,870 --> 00:50:24,750
break we're going to start taking

1005
00:50:29,420 --> 00:50:26,880
questions from the audience so please

1006
00:50:31,220 --> 00:50:29,430
people feel free to call in I will give

1007
00:50:34,700 --> 00:50:31,230
that number out after the break I also

1008
00:50:37,160 --> 00:50:34,710
have a question for you from someone

1009
00:50:39,380 --> 00:50:37,170
that that I would love your answer to

1010
00:50:42,110 --> 00:50:39,390
and it's sort of it's about I'm solar

1011
00:50:45,290 --> 00:50:42,120
flares magnetic storms and space weather

1012
00:50:47,180 --> 00:50:45,300
and that sort of what impact is that F

1013
00:50:50,180 --> 00:50:47,190
on earthquakes so we'll talk about that

1014
00:50:52,520 --> 00:50:50,190
after the break but one thing that I

1015
00:50:55,820 --> 00:50:52,530
want to hit on is is just what you said

1016
00:50:57,830 --> 00:50:55,830
you know I think that the the world

1017
00:51:00,710 --> 00:50:57,840
thinks that there's a whole lot of money

1018
00:51:02,390 --> 00:51:00,720
and you know we should know everything

1019
00:51:04,760 --> 00:51:02,400
and we should be able to test everything

1020
00:51:08,900 --> 00:51:04,770
and have the answers everywhere but the

1021
00:51:12,190 --> 00:51:08,910
USGS it's one of the places that it has

1022
00:51:15,890 --> 00:51:12,200
I guess less money than other government

1023
00:51:17,990 --> 00:51:15,900
operations is that true so it makes it

1024
00:51:19,700 --> 00:51:18,000
harder and you have to delegate what it

1025
00:51:22,970 --> 00:51:19,710
is you're actually going to study they

1026
00:51:25,070 --> 00:51:22,980
don't just give you tons of money to do

1027
00:51:27,590 --> 00:51:25,080
these type of real i do these type of

1028
00:51:30,740 --> 00:51:27,600
test I wish they did give us tons of

1029
00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:30,750
money no budgets budgets have become

1030
00:51:37,850 --> 00:51:34,530
very tight and you know very restricted

1031
00:51:40,760 --> 00:51:37,860
and there are a lot of things we could

1032
00:51:44,390 --> 00:51:40,770
do a lot of additional work if we if we

1033
00:51:45,440 --> 00:51:44,400
had the funds but and I'm sorry but

1034
00:51:46,970 --> 00:51:45,450
David we're going to have to go ahead

1035
00:51:48,680 --> 00:51:46,980
and cut to break right now so we can

1036
00:51:51,620 --> 00:51:48,690
pick that up as soon as we get back

1037
00:51:53,180 --> 00:51:51,630
you're listening to inception radio and

1038
00:51:55,970 --> 00:51:53,190
truth funders on the inception radio

1039
00:51:58,910 --> 00:51:55,980
network you can download their podcast

1040
00:52:01,730 --> 00:51:58,920
you can download their you can listen to

1041
00:52:03,860 --> 00:52:01,740
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1042
00:52:07,100 --> 00:52:03,870
you can download the app it's an awesome

1043
00:52:08,720 --> 00:52:07,110
app I listen to it all the time so we're

1044
00:52:11,210 --> 00:52:08,730
going to go ahead and cut to break and

1045
00:52:14,120 --> 00:52:11,220
we'll see you on the other side

1046
00:52:17,390 --> 00:52:14,130
funders radio on the inception radio

1047
00:52:19,370 --> 00:52:17,400
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1048
00:52:21,140 --> 00:52:19,380
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1049
00:52:23,420 --> 00:52:21,150
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1050
00:52:26,089 --> 00:52:23,430
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1051
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1052
00:52:30,800 --> 00:52:28,980
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1053
00:52:36,830 --> 00:52:30,810
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1054
00:52:39,410 --> 00:52:36,840
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1055
00:52:42,290 --> 00:52:39,420
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1056
00:52:44,810 --> 00:52:42,300
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1057
00:52:48,920 --> 00:52:44,820
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1058
00:52:52,609 --> 00:52:48,930
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1059
00:52:55,250 --> 00:52:52,619
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1060
00:52:58,580 --> 00:52:55,260
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1061
00:53:01,040 --> 00:52:58,590
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1062
00:53:03,920 --> 00:53:01,050
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1063
00:53:06,080 --> 00:53:03,930
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1064
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1065
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1066
00:53:15,500 --> 00:53:11,880
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1067
00:53:18,650 --> 00:53:15,510
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1068
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1069
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1070
00:53:27,920 --> 00:53:24,120
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1071
00:53:30,860 --> 00:53:27,930
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1072
00:53:35,400 --> 00:53:30,870
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1073
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1074
00:53:41,279 --> 00:53:39,460
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1075
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1076
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1077
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1078
00:53:53,730 --> 00:53:50,440
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1079
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1080
00:54:04,010 --> 00:54:01,220
hello inception radio network listeners

1081
00:54:05,840 --> 00:54:04,020
this is Amanda remember you can take

1082
00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:05,850
your inception radio shows on the go

1083
00:54:10,820 --> 00:54:08,010
just download the inception radio

1084
00:54:13,430 --> 00:54:10,830
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1085
00:54:15,920 --> 00:54:13,440
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1086
00:54:18,440 --> 00:54:15,930
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1087
00:54:20,210 --> 00:54:18,450
more just visit the itunes store or the

1088
00:54:25,760 --> 00:54:20,220
google play marketplace and download it

1089
00:54:27,860 --> 00:54:25,770
today for free you didn't forget what's

1090
00:54:29,570 --> 00:54:27,870
coming up tonight did you hi inception

1091
00:54:31,400 --> 00:54:29,580
radio network listeners this is Amanda

1092
00:54:32,930 --> 00:54:31,410
never miss that interview you were

1093
00:54:35,750 --> 00:54:32,940
looking forward to or the show on your

1094
00:54:38,840 --> 00:54:35,760
favorite topic follow irn on twitter i

1095
00:54:40,610 --> 00:54:38,850
underscore our underscore n and get

1096
00:54:42,350 --> 00:54:40,620
reminders about the evenings live shows

1097
00:54:44,810 --> 00:54:42,360
as well as fun and important updates

1098
00:54:47,420 --> 00:54:44,820
throughout the week that's i underscore

1099
00:54:58,380 --> 00:54:47,430
our underscore n and never miss a great

1100
00:55:03,940 --> 00:55:01,870
hello Irene listeners this is MJ saying

1101
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hello and sharing an awesome secret I

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discovered it's called dream lodge calm

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to create all their products they are

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quality and freshness and made in the

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1108
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1109
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1110
00:55:31,990 --> 00:55:26,960
chemicals in any product stop by dream

1111
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lodge and relax that's dr.e am and you a

1112
00:55:47,380 --> 00:55:43,690
you're locked into inception radio

1113
00:55:55,090 --> 00:55:47,390
network superior Wisconsin truth funders

1114
00:55:57,490 --> 00:55:55,100
radio on the inception radio network hi

1115
00:55:59,710 --> 00:55:57,500
we're back you're listening to choose

1116
00:56:03,670 --> 00:55:59,720
funders radio this is mark schwartz CEO

1117
00:56:06,220 --> 00:56:03,680
true funders and on the phone today we

1118
00:56:08,380 --> 00:56:06,230
have dr. david schwartz from the United

1119
00:56:11,470 --> 00:56:08,390
States Geological Survey he's been

1120
00:56:15,640 --> 00:56:11,480
talking about earthquakes earthquake

1121
00:56:17,440 --> 00:56:15,650
myths earthquake legends and the big

1122
00:56:19,360 --> 00:56:17,450
ones that are happening so now is the

1123
00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:19,370
part of the show where we are going to

1124
00:56:24,850 --> 00:56:22,850
take calls from the public so if you get

1125
00:56:28,900 --> 00:56:24,860
this if you're listening live feel free

1126
00:56:35,320 --> 00:56:28,910
to call in or telephone number is 8 8 8

1127
00:56:38,260 --> 00:56:35,330
9 192 355 and it is Wednesday May 6 2015

1128
00:56:44,770 --> 00:56:38,270
and you can go ahead and call in at 8 8

1129
00:56:46,540 --> 00:56:44,780
8 9 192 355 so now there's a couple of

1130
00:56:49,780 --> 00:56:46,550
questions that are coming in some of

1131
00:56:51,400 --> 00:56:49,790
them you might think are silly or some

1132
00:56:53,050 --> 00:56:51,410
of them you might not want to answer or

1133
00:56:54,820 --> 00:56:53,060
you don't know the answer to but I'm

1134
00:56:57,310 --> 00:56:54,830
just going to go ahead and and lead them

1135
00:57:00,940 --> 00:56:57,320
out so feel free to answer them as best

1136
00:57:03,370 --> 00:57:00,950
as you can so this one I think you might

1137
00:57:06,490 --> 00:57:03,380
find it a little bit interesting David

1138
00:57:12,510 --> 00:57:06,500
I'm just scrolling down the chat room

1139
00:57:15,970 --> 00:57:12,520
right here but it is dumb dumb to dumb

1140
00:57:18,010 --> 00:57:15,980
question from Sky 33 does the guests

1141
00:57:22,930 --> 00:57:18,020
feel that there is any correlation in

1142
00:57:25,390 --> 00:57:22,940
sightings of ufos and earthquakes i can

1143
00:57:31,120 --> 00:57:25,400
be very very brief with that and the

1144
00:57:36,940 --> 00:57:31,130
answers did the answer is nope all right

1145
00:57:41,290 --> 00:57:36,950
all right good answer ok and then let's

1146
00:57:47,170 --> 00:57:41,300
see what else here we have scrolling

1147
00:57:49,990 --> 00:57:47,180
down the platform here so do solar

1148
00:57:53,160 --> 00:57:50,000
flares magnetic storms and space weather

1149
00:57:54,620 --> 00:57:53,170
have an impact on earthquakes you know

1150
00:57:59,730 --> 00:57:54,630
that's a that's an interesting question

1151
00:58:03,470 --> 00:57:59,740
and it has been discussed and debated I

1152
00:58:06,990 --> 00:58:03,480
think that the prevailing idea is that

1153
00:58:09,690 --> 00:58:07,000
there really is no impact on earthquakes

1154
00:58:12,960 --> 00:58:09,700
earthquakes occur all the times there is

1155
00:58:16,980 --> 00:58:12,970
a lot of variability and we in in the

1156
00:58:19,260 --> 00:58:16,990
occurrence of solar flares and magnetic

1157
00:58:22,140 --> 00:58:19,270
storms and again there's been some

1158
00:58:26,819 --> 00:58:22,150
statistical work done on the timing of

1159
00:58:31,440 --> 00:58:26,829
these relative to the occurrence of you

1160
00:58:36,079 --> 00:58:31,450
know large earthquakes and people can't

1161
00:58:38,579 --> 00:58:36,089
really find a very strong correlation

1162
00:58:40,829 --> 00:58:38,589
it's the same thing with with earth

1163
00:58:42,870 --> 00:58:40,839
tides people have looked at the

1164
00:58:46,440 --> 00:58:42,880
relationship of tides to earthquakes

1165
00:58:50,220 --> 00:58:46,450
quick hide who who has done some of

1166
00:58:54,170 --> 00:58:50,230
these studies IRL I can't these are

1167
00:58:57,900 --> 00:58:54,180
mostly University University scientists

1168
00:59:02,640 --> 00:58:57,910
and you can go online and I think you

1169
00:59:04,500 --> 00:59:02,650
can probably the listeners can google

1170
00:59:08,069 --> 00:59:04,510
you know solar flares and earthquakes

1171
00:59:10,349 --> 00:59:08,079
and really be brought to the list of

1172
00:59:16,049 --> 00:59:10,359
references that you know have some of

1173
00:59:20,039 --> 00:59:16,059
this technical information in them all

1174
00:59:23,190 --> 00:59:20,049
right great um and let's see some other

1175
00:59:24,839 --> 00:59:23,200
some other myths that we have some

1176
00:59:26,640 --> 00:59:24,849
people think that the earth is hollow

1177
00:59:28,289 --> 00:59:26,650
there are people out there and you know

1178
00:59:29,880 --> 00:59:28,299
Columbus once thought that the earth was

1179
00:59:32,099 --> 00:59:29,890
or people thought that the earth was

1180
00:59:35,130 --> 00:59:32,109
flat and Columbus went to go sail out

1181
00:59:38,579 --> 00:59:35,140
and and prove that that was wrong there

1182
00:59:41,010 --> 00:59:38,589
are people as silly as it sounds to to

1183
00:59:45,930 --> 00:59:41,020
mainstream science that think that the

1184
00:59:48,150 --> 00:59:45,940
earth is hollow so well as a geologist

1185
00:59:51,030 --> 00:59:48,160
you know and you could studying this

1186
00:59:53,549 --> 00:59:51,040
stuff for 40 years do you know what the

1187
00:59:56,400 --> 00:59:53,559
the core of the earth is made of or what

1188
00:59:58,470 --> 00:59:56,410
is the core of what generates the core

1189
01:00:03,089 --> 00:59:58,480
of the earth what's the dollar the you

1190
01:00:05,799 --> 01:00:03,099
know the different layers within the

1191
01:00:11,309 --> 01:00:05,809
earth the the crust Samantha

1192
01:00:17,039 --> 01:00:11,319
or all developed as as the earth

1193
01:00:21,729 --> 01:00:17,049
initially harmed and it's a core of

1194
01:00:26,199 --> 01:00:21,739
basically iron nickel and we know it's

1195
01:00:32,069 --> 01:00:26,209
it's not Hollow because simply by the

1196
01:00:35,019 --> 01:00:32,079
way we can record and see seismic waves

1197
01:00:40,390 --> 01:00:35,029
from earthquakes earthquakes are just a

1198
01:00:43,089 --> 01:00:40,400
natural you know source of looking at at

1199
01:00:46,059 --> 01:00:43,099
what seismic waves do and some travel

1200
01:00:48,609 --> 01:00:46,069
around the earth on the surface and

1201
01:00:51,069 --> 01:00:48,619
other ways travel through the earth and

1202
01:00:54,880 --> 01:00:51,079
they travel at different speeds and

1203
01:00:57,459 --> 01:00:54,890
different material and because of this

1204
01:01:03,959 --> 01:00:57,469
we know that you know the earth is

1205
01:01:06,759 --> 01:01:03,969
layered and fundamentally you know lalo

1206
01:01:11,589 --> 01:01:06,769
you know all the way all the way through

1207
01:01:14,169 --> 01:01:11,599
so I think it's an interesting idea if

1208
01:01:15,459 --> 01:01:14,179
you only have the surface to look at you

1209
01:01:17,859 --> 01:01:15,469
know maybe you can find a little

1210
01:01:21,219 --> 01:01:17,869
trapdoor somewhere and drop through to

1211
01:01:23,529 --> 01:01:21,229
the other side but we simply know like

1212
01:01:27,579 --> 01:01:23,539
Felix the cat's magical bag of tricks

1213
01:01:30,429 --> 01:01:27,589
you can jump bandhan so here's it here's

1214
01:01:33,939 --> 01:01:30,439
another question this is from Michael he

1215
01:01:35,859 --> 01:01:33,949
asks how much do land tied as opposed to

1216
01:01:40,989 --> 01:01:35,869
ocean tides effects stresses in the

1217
01:01:45,849 --> 01:01:40,999
plates I'm not quite sure what he means

1218
01:01:49,269 --> 01:01:45,859
by bile and tides um or how about just

1219
01:01:53,939 --> 01:01:49,279
ocean tides well people have really

1220
01:01:58,929 --> 01:01:53,949
looked at the relationship of tides of

1221
01:02:08,109 --> 01:01:58,939
the moon lunar effects on earthquakes

1222
01:02:11,289 --> 01:02:08,119
because tides do result in in stress

1223
01:02:14,489 --> 01:02:11,299
changes and again I couldn't say that

1224
01:02:18,960 --> 01:02:14,499
there is no relationship and sometimes a

1225
01:02:21,210 --> 01:02:18,970
certain time you know winds up

1226
01:02:25,830 --> 01:02:21,220
just increasing stress on a Fault in

1227
01:02:29,520 --> 01:02:25,840
such a way that it pops off but there is

1228
01:02:35,520 --> 01:02:29,530
no major statistical relationship

1229
01:02:37,740 --> 01:02:35,530
between high tides low tides and with

1230
01:02:40,410 --> 01:02:37,750
earthquake activity and the earthquake

1231
01:02:43,010 --> 01:02:40,420
act me remember earthquakes most of the

1232
01:02:47,640 --> 01:02:43,020
earthquakes that we're concerned about

1233
01:02:49,770 --> 01:02:47,650
start at six seven eight miles below the

1234
01:02:53,790 --> 01:02:49,780
surface and those are for earthquakes

1235
01:02:57,180 --> 01:02:53,800
that occur on false like the San Andreas

1236
01:03:01,890 --> 01:02:57,190
Fault if you look around the Pacific in

1237
01:03:05,370 --> 01:03:01,900
what we call subduction zones around the

1238
01:03:06,990 --> 01:03:05,380
ring of fire oh and what is the rain of

1239
01:03:09,930 --> 01:03:07,000
fire for those people who don't know

1240
01:03:13,080 --> 01:03:09,940
it's the it's the area around the

1241
01:03:16,860 --> 01:03:13,090
outside of the Pacific Ocean where the

1242
01:03:21,500 --> 01:03:16,870
material in the ocean the oceanic plate

1243
01:03:25,290 --> 01:03:21,510
is diving beneath the continents and the

1244
01:03:28,560 --> 01:03:25,300
sliding of the oceanic plate against the

1245
01:03:30,630 --> 01:03:28,570
continental plate produces large

1246
01:03:33,270 --> 01:03:30,640
earthquakes and features called

1247
01:03:36,270 --> 01:03:33,280
subduction zones and when the crust gets

1248
01:03:39,630 --> 01:03:36,280
down to a certain a certain depth the

1249
01:03:41,760 --> 01:03:39,640
the temperature is high enough the

1250
01:03:44,790 --> 01:03:41,770
pressure is great enough that it melts

1251
01:03:47,910 --> 01:03:44,800
and that melt works its way up to the

1252
01:03:50,400 --> 01:03:47,920
surface to become the line of volcanoes

1253
01:03:52,860 --> 01:03:50,410
so you look along again the Pacific

1254
01:03:58,140 --> 01:03:52,870
coast of South America up through

1255
01:04:00,030 --> 01:03:58,150
Central America North America Alaska you

1256
01:04:03,330 --> 01:04:00,040
have all of these volcanoes and that's

1257
01:04:05,700 --> 01:04:03,340
where the ocean is colliding with the

1258
01:04:07,860 --> 01:04:05,710
continent and is diving down and those

1259
01:04:10,020 --> 01:04:07,870
are the places are on the planet that

1260
01:04:13,740 --> 01:04:10,030
produced the largest earthquake so

1261
01:04:18,840 --> 01:04:13,750
chilly in 1960 there was a magnitude 9.5

1262
01:04:22,680 --> 01:04:18,850
the alaska earthquake in nineteen

1263
01:04:26,280 --> 01:04:22,690
nineteen sixty four uh you know was like

1264
01:04:30,720 --> 01:04:26,290
a 9.3 we just had that earthquake in

1265
01:04:33,050 --> 01:04:30,730
japan was a magnitude nine sumatra

1266
01:04:38,220 --> 01:04:33,060
earthquake in

1267
01:04:41,880 --> 01:04:38,230
a few years ago was was you know a 9.1

1268
01:04:44,070 --> 01:04:41,890
so these these subduction zones are

1269
01:04:46,440 --> 01:04:44,080
places where we're really large

1270
01:04:49,850 --> 01:04:46,450
earthquakes occur and and what I wanted

1271
01:04:55,820 --> 01:04:49,860
to point out there we were talking about

1272
01:05:00,390 --> 01:04:55,830
Thai changes those start at maybe 30 or

1273
01:05:04,520 --> 01:05:00,400
40 or 50 miles below the citizens and so

1274
01:05:07,680 --> 01:05:04,530
the the Thai changes are much more

1275
01:05:10,410 --> 01:05:07,690
sufficient and just don't seem to

1276
01:05:13,200 --> 01:05:10,420
influence the places where these large

1277
01:05:17,160 --> 01:05:13,210
earthquakes actually start is there a

1278
01:05:19,290 --> 01:05:17,170
particular area that that all the

1279
01:05:24,360 --> 01:05:19,300
earthquakes happen more so than another

1280
01:05:28,170 --> 01:05:24,370
area well we I think I mentioned during

1281
01:05:32,420 --> 01:05:28,180
the course of the discussion that you

1282
01:05:34,950 --> 01:05:32,430
know there are parts of the earth where

1283
01:05:39,600 --> 01:05:34,960
plate movement is faster than other

1284
01:05:42,620 --> 01:05:39,610
parts and activity occurs at a higher

1285
01:05:46,650 --> 01:05:42,630
rate so again around the circum sick

1286
01:05:51,780 --> 01:05:46,660
that's probably the most dangerous

1287
01:05:54,360 --> 01:05:51,790
earthquake area in the world in terms of

1288
01:05:56,550 --> 01:05:54,370
frequency but we can look look around

1289
01:06:01,950 --> 01:05:56,560
and what just happened last week in

1290
01:06:04,470 --> 01:06:01,960
Nepal so that's an area where India the

1291
01:06:08,940 --> 01:06:04,480
continent of India is colliding with

1292
01:06:13,260 --> 01:06:08,950
Asia and it's pushing down below Asia

1293
01:06:17,670 --> 01:06:13,270
and as a result that that movement is

1294
01:06:18,990 --> 01:06:17,680
occurring on a whole series of false and

1295
01:06:20,730 --> 01:06:19,000
and they're different they're a

1296
01:06:23,310 --> 01:06:20,740
different kind of politic all thrust

1297
01:06:25,800 --> 01:06:23,320
faults and the Himalayas are going up

1298
01:06:29,340 --> 01:06:25,810
that's why now Everest is there and

1299
01:06:33,450 --> 01:06:29,350
that's an area where magnitude 7.8

1300
01:06:37,260 --> 01:06:33,460
magnitude 8.3 earthquakes occur and they

1301
01:06:41,750 --> 01:06:37,270
occur with you with great frequency and

1302
01:06:48,049 --> 01:06:44,150
but I have to say in turn

1303
01:06:52,309 --> 01:06:48,059
so urbanized areas California probably

1304
01:06:55,910 --> 01:06:52,319
is the most active urbanized region you

1305
01:06:57,829 --> 01:06:55,920
know in the world you have other places

1306
01:06:59,960 --> 01:06:57,839
like the North Anatolian fault and

1307
01:07:02,809 --> 01:06:59,970
Turkey which is similar to the San

1308
01:07:08,529 --> 01:07:02,819
Andreas Fault yeah so there there are

1309
01:07:11,839 --> 01:07:08,539
there are you know very active areas but

1310
01:07:15,289 --> 01:07:11,849
California we can claim we can claim to

1311
01:07:19,010 --> 01:07:15,299
be number one all right I will take that

1312
01:07:20,599 --> 01:07:19,020
title one last question will actually we

1313
01:07:24,230 --> 01:07:20,609
have two last questions one that popped

1314
01:07:26,569 --> 01:07:24,240
up here is every attempt to show that

1315
01:07:29,960 --> 01:07:26,579
solar activity triggers earthquakes has

1316
01:07:36,049 --> 01:07:29,970
focused on solar flares sunspots or

1317
01:07:41,089 --> 01:07:36,059
geomagnetic activity ah let's see and

1318
01:07:46,630 --> 01:07:41,099
current observations are there so you

1319
01:07:54,559 --> 01:07:50,329
will bring this up later on or i will

1320
01:07:56,870 --> 01:07:54,569
send it to you and and you can answer it

1321
01:07:59,289 --> 01:07:56,880
off air and all i can let let people

1322
01:08:03,289 --> 01:07:59,299
know but who you would you be willing to

1323
01:08:05,390 --> 01:08:03,299
discuss mecnun um yeah I guess we

1324
01:08:07,609 --> 01:08:05,400
touched on space weather a little bit so

1325
01:08:10,089 --> 01:08:07,619
I'm not sure I understand this question

1326
01:08:13,160 --> 01:08:10,099
and I'd have to to get it back to you so

1327
01:08:14,870 --> 01:08:13,170
so okay and now we're getting to the end

1328
01:08:16,849 --> 01:08:14,880
of the show I want to thank everybody so

1329
01:08:18,890 --> 01:08:16,859
much we're really sorry I see in the

1330
01:08:20,630 --> 01:08:18,900
chat room you guys were really in the

1331
01:08:22,430 --> 01:08:20,640
middle of the show and it was super

1332
01:08:25,729 --> 01:08:22,440
exciting and you were into it and

1333
01:08:27,890 --> 01:08:25,739
suddenly it cut out once again you know

1334
01:08:29,539 --> 01:08:27,900
we apologize for that we'll look into it

1335
01:08:32,780 --> 01:08:29,549
and see what happens it's probably skype

1336
01:08:35,479 --> 01:08:32,790
or you know the crazy skype spies

1337
01:08:38,630 --> 01:08:35,489
listening to us somewhere not wanting us

1338
01:08:43,039 --> 01:08:38,640
to spread the truth about geology to the

1339
01:08:46,459 --> 01:08:43,049
world but David what is your before we

1340
01:08:49,459 --> 01:08:46,469
leave here today what is your favorite G

1341
01:08:50,959 --> 01:08:49,469
geological movie of all times hands down

1342
01:08:53,300 --> 01:08:50,969
what would you recommend everybody

1343
01:08:56,510 --> 01:08:53,310
listening to go see that does a good job

1344
01:08:57,979 --> 01:08:56,520
of explaining earthquakes or at least is

1345
01:09:00,169 --> 01:08:57,989
a fun kick in the pain

1346
01:09:03,529 --> 01:09:00,179
it's about earthquakes I think my

1347
01:09:06,649 --> 01:09:03,539
favorite so the geology movie and

1348
01:09:12,640 --> 01:09:06,659
earthquake movie is earthquake which was

1349
01:09:15,859 --> 01:09:12,650
made in 1974 at the time it was released

1350
01:09:17,660 --> 01:09:15,869
they had a process called surround sound

1351
01:09:20,660 --> 01:09:17,670
so when you were in a movie theater they

1352
01:09:23,569 --> 01:09:20,670
had his huge bass speakers and when they

1353
01:09:26,089 --> 01:09:23,579
had the earthquake the speakers would

1354
01:09:27,979 --> 01:09:26,099
would Rumble and you'd feel the theater

1355
01:09:30,529 --> 01:09:27,989
kind of shake so they try to make you

1356
01:09:34,009 --> 01:09:30,539
feel like you were part of the movie and

1357
01:09:36,890 --> 01:09:34,019
in some ways it's one of the best bad

1358
01:09:38,779 --> 01:09:36,900
movies ever made but I think they did a

1359
01:09:41,809 --> 01:09:38,789
great job and this was nineteen

1360
01:09:44,029 --> 01:09:41,819
seventy-four special effects of showing

1361
01:09:49,939 --> 01:09:44,039
what an earthquake was like an urban

1362
01:09:52,099 --> 01:09:49,949
area and it it's really good so I I

1363
01:09:54,649 --> 01:09:52,109
think if people want to have a fun time

1364
01:09:58,700 --> 01:09:54,659
the science is not there that it's all

1365
01:10:02,479 --> 01:09:58,710
real really good geological consultants

1366
01:10:06,140 --> 01:10:02,489
at the time hope with them it's got an

1367
01:10:11,390 --> 01:10:06,150
amazing cast of people who most of whom

1368
01:10:17,000 --> 01:10:11,400
have passed on but it's a great movie

1369
01:10:19,489 --> 01:10:17,010
earthquake 1974 find it somewhere scream

1370
01:10:22,489 --> 01:10:19,499
it rented whatever it's worth it's worth

1371
01:10:25,189 --> 01:10:22,499
a lot excellent well hey thank you so

1372
01:10:26,540 --> 01:10:25,199
much I want to thank you dr. David

1373
01:10:28,549 --> 01:10:26,550
Schwartz from the United States

1374
01:10:30,379 --> 01:10:28,559
Geological Survey thank you for coming

1375
01:10:32,239 --> 01:10:30,389
on the show I know it's a little bit of

1376
01:10:34,700 --> 01:10:32,249
a different show rather it's not it's

1377
01:10:37,879 --> 01:10:34,710
not 60 minutes it's true miners radio

1378
01:10:40,879 --> 01:10:37,889
but we really appreciate it I think it's

1379
01:10:44,180 --> 01:10:40,889
just important to to let people know the

1380
01:10:46,279 --> 01:10:44,190
the myths like what is what is real and

1381
01:10:48,649 --> 01:10:46,289
what is not and what is real science and

1382
01:10:50,810 --> 01:10:48,659
what is not that it's just important for

1383
01:10:53,419 --> 01:10:50,820
for everyone in the listening public to

1384
01:10:55,220 --> 01:10:53,429
know so I really once again want to

1385
01:10:56,779 --> 01:10:55,230
thank you so much and we will talk to

1386
01:10:59,569 --> 01:10:56,789
you soon don't be a stranger to the show

1387
01:11:05,290 --> 01:10:59,579
that sounds great i'll listen to the

1388
01:11:08,330 --> 01:11:05,300
next one all right take care so goodbye

1389
01:11:10,279 --> 01:11:08,340
all right everybody well that's it for

1390
01:11:11,840 --> 01:11:10,289
today thank you so much for joining us

1391
01:11:13,340 --> 01:11:11,850
who really appreciate it

1392
01:11:16,420 --> 01:11:13,350
you know one thing that I didn't get a

1393
01:11:18,890 --> 01:11:16,430
chance to ask David was a question from

1394
01:11:20,840 --> 01:11:18,900
some of you might know him as a

1395
01:11:22,670 --> 01:11:20,850
suspicious observer and he sent me a

1396
01:11:25,400 --> 01:11:22,680
really great question but we kind of

1397
01:11:28,220 --> 01:11:25,410
touched a little bit about it talking

1398
01:11:32,150 --> 01:11:28,230
about space weather and he's he's

1399
01:11:33,980 --> 01:11:32,160
fantastic too his name is if you haven't

1400
01:11:37,160 --> 01:11:33,990
been to his website you could go to

1401
01:11:39,290 --> 01:11:37,170
youtube and you could go to suspicious

1402
01:11:41,480 --> 01:11:39,300
of the server and his name is Ben

1403
01:11:42,920 --> 01:11:41,490
fantastic guy he we're going to get him

1404
01:11:44,870 --> 01:11:42,930
on the show for next week and he's going

1405
01:11:47,060 --> 01:11:44,880
to talk a little bit about the other

1406
01:11:48,860 --> 01:11:47,070
side of the coin so we talked to David

1407
01:11:50,630 --> 01:11:48,870
Schwartz day and we talked about myths

1408
01:11:53,690 --> 01:11:50,640
and we talked about real science and

1409
01:11:55,690 --> 01:11:53,700
earthquakes and and and how it works and

1410
01:12:02,270 --> 01:11:55,700
now we're going to go to another

1411
01:12:06,230 --> 01:12:02,280
division which is you know space do

1412
01:12:09,050 --> 01:12:06,240
solar flares affect earth and and

1413
01:12:10,610 --> 01:12:09,060
geology and you know there I didn't want

1414
01:12:13,160 --> 01:12:10,620
to have them both on the same show

1415
01:12:15,050 --> 01:12:13,170
because i think that there's different

1416
01:12:17,840 --> 01:12:15,060
science or different things going on

1417
01:12:19,490 --> 01:12:17,850
here and I want to hear both sides and

1418
01:12:22,400 --> 01:12:19,500
both opinions and give them both their

1419
01:12:25,610 --> 01:12:22,410
own amount of time to talk about all the

1420
01:12:27,980 --> 01:12:25,620
stuff and you know let you as an

1421
01:12:30,080 --> 01:12:27,990
informed listener make a decision so

1422
01:12:32,540 --> 01:12:30,090
we'll be doing that next time so until

1423
01:12:35,750 --> 01:12:32,550
next time you can download the inception

1424
01:12:38,180 --> 01:12:35,760
radio app it's fantastic go ahead and go

1425
01:12:40,940 --> 01:12:38,190
to the iTunes Store and download it you

1426
01:12:42,530 --> 01:12:40,950
can also go to Roku and listen to the

1427
01:12:45,020 --> 01:12:42,540
roku channel download the inception

1428
01:12:48,050 --> 01:12:45,030
radio network roku channel you can

1429
01:12:51,110 --> 01:12:48,060
stream online go ahead you know what do

1430
01:12:53,180 --> 01:12:51,120
us a favor login become one of the

1431
01:12:55,100 --> 01:12:53,190
members it's totally free you can log

1432
01:12:58,250 --> 01:12:55,110
into inception radio you could download

1433
01:13:00,650 --> 01:12:58,260
all of our old or stream all of truth

1434
01:13:02,600 --> 01:13:00,660
funders old radio shows when arts here

1435
01:13:04,670 --> 01:13:02,610
we have a total ball we're kick in the

1436
01:13:07,040 --> 01:13:04,680
pants we talk about stuff from Mad

1437
01:13:12,560 --> 01:13:07,050
Magazine and Star Wars and 80s movies

1438
01:13:15,050 --> 01:13:12,570
too deep stuff you know like paranormal

1439
01:13:17,000 --> 01:13:15,060
things to real science I mean we're all

1440
01:13:18,980 --> 01:13:17,010
over the board it's a really fun show so

1441
01:13:20,930 --> 01:13:18,990
we love for you guys to join us we'd

1442
01:13:24,110 --> 01:13:20,940
love for you to call into don't be a

1443
01:13:25,730 --> 01:13:24,120
stranger so go ahead call in next time

1444
01:13:28,130 --> 01:13:25,740
and tune in next time

1445
01:13:30,980 --> 01:13:28,140
to truth funders radio it is every

1446
01:13:33,920 --> 01:13:30,990
wednesday at seven o'clock six o'clock

1447
01:13:36,140 --> 01:13:33,930
p.m. pacific standard time and nine

1448
01:13:37,730 --> 01:13:36,150
o'clock p.m. eastern standard time so

1449
01:13:40,610 --> 01:13:37,740
thanks so much and we will talk to you